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Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management

Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management

ISO Journal Title : Korean J. Constr. Eng. Manag.
Open Access Journal Bimonthly
  • ISSN (Print) : 2005-6095
  • ISSN (Online) : 2465-9703
Online Submission

Current Issue : Vol.26 No.2, 2025-03

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A Methodology for Vigilance Measurement and Analysisin Construction Equipment Teleoperation

Shin, Seungmin ; An, Mingi ; Park, Moonseo ; Ahn, Changbum

https://dx.doi.org/10.6106/KJCEM.2025.26.2.003

Safety is a crucial factor for the smooth progress of construction projects. Construction workers' vigilance significantly impacts construction safety, especially in teleoperation situations, but there is limited knowledge on this topic. This study proposes a methodology to measure vigilance, work productivity, and cognitive load of remote workers and analyze the correlation among them, and confirms its feasibility through experiment. A virtual environment for tower crane teleoperation is set up, and the complexity of the remote interface is designed in detailed levels. An experiment with nine participants showed that the proposed methodology is effective in measuring and analyzing the vigilance, work productivity, and cognitive load of remote workers, suggesting the need for further research. These implications provide a foundation for interface improvement studies aimed at enhancing productivity and safety in the construction industry and can be utilized in user-friendly interface design research in other fields.

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Simplified Administrative Procedures for Demolition Projects Subject to Demolition Plan Notification

Kim, Changhak ; Jung, Moungsik ; Yun, Seokheon

https://dx.doi.org/10.6106/KJCEM.2025.26.2.012

Urban redevelopment and changing living environments are increasing the need for demolishing aging structures. This study proposes simplifying procedures for small-scale building demolitions, based on analyzing 15,070 cases over three years. Results indicate most demolition targets are small-scale, three floors or less, and under 500m², particularly farmhouses under 200m². A simplified demolition plan template is suggested to streamline notification and permit processes, making them more efficient. This approach is expected to reduce administrative burdens and help resolve the issue of abandoned houses in communities. Further research is needed to enhance the efficiency, cost, and time management in demolition projects.

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Development of AI Prototype for Generating Construction Safety Guidelines Through Fine-Tuning of Large-Scale Language Model

Lee, Jungwon ; Ahn, Seungjun

https://dx.doi.org/10.6106/KJCEM.2025.26.2.020

In small to medium-sized construction sites, many accidents occur due to non-compliance with safety regulations, some of which lead to fatalities. Against this backdrop, this research aims to develop a construction safety guideline chatbot that generates appropriate safety guidelines based on job conditions and the work environment using a large-scale language model. This study created a question-answer dataset based on construction safety guidelines published by the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency and fine-tuned the language model using this dataset. To efficiently manage computational resources during the fine-tuning process, PEFT (Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning) and LoRA (Low Rank Adaptation) methods were employed. The fine-tuned model was designed to provide accurate and specific responses in delivering construction safety information. Validation of the fine-tuned model was conducted using qualitative and quantitative evaluation metrics, comparing its responses with those of large-scale language models like GPT-4, Palm2, and KoAlpaca. The fine-tuned model provided more specific and accurate information on construction safety knowledge than these large-scale language models. Additionally, in terms of quantitative evaluation, the fine-tuned model scored 7.5% higher on the BLEU score and 7.21% higher on the BERT Similarity score compared to the GPT-4 model. These scores demonstrate that the fine-tuned language model can significantly contribute to construction site safety management and is expected to respond effectively and promptly to various situations and problems that may arise in construction site environments.

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A Case Study on the Selection of Road Pavement Materials based on Multi-Attribute Decision-Making

Park, Jin-Young ; Go, Tae-Yong ; Park, Young-Jun ; Yi, Chang-Yong

https://dx.doi.org/10.6106/KJCEM.2025.26.2.032

As global warming intensifies, the Korean government has declared achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 as a national goal and has announced a carbon neutrality scenario to achieve net-zero domestic carbon emissions. This effort demonstrates Korea's commitment as a member of the global community to jointly reduce greenhouse gases. Achieving this goal requires a shift to an eco-friendly construction industry. However, the decision-making process for construction projects often considers only economic feasibility. In this study, we evaluated the overall performance of pavement materials in a case project using a multi-attribute decision-making model that considers both cost and environmental impacts. While cement concrete was initially selected as a favorable alternative based solely on economic feasibility during the design stage, environmental assessments revealed that it imposes about 1.5 times more environmental burden than asphalt concrete. Thus, asphalt concrete emerged as a more environmentally favorable material. When both cost and environmental impacts were applied to the multi-attribute decision-making model, asphalt concrete was selected as the favorable pavement material, satisfying both economic feasibility and eco-friendly criteria. This finding indicates that decision-making outcomes may change when environmental impacts are considered. The study presents a simple yet rational methodology that can be effectively utilized in the decisionmaking processes of domestic construction projects, contributing to a paradigm shift in decision-making. This is expected to enhance the quality of decision-making for achieving carbon neutrality and promote the development of sustainable construction technologies.

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The Applicability of the Construction Skilled Labor Utilization Efficiency Index

Lee, Seulki ; Lim, ChulWoo ; Kim, JungIn ; Jung, InSu ; Yu, Joungho

https://dx.doi.org/10.6106/KJCEM.2025.26.2.041

The domestic construction industry is facing a severe labor shortage due to the aging of the native workforce and the reluctance of the younger generation to pursue careers in construction, leading to an increasing reliance on foreign labor. This situation may result in the deterioration of working conditions, an increase in safety accidents, and a decline in quality. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an index that can evaluate and improve the efficient utilization of construction labor. The purpose of this study is to propose a direction for the development of a construction skilled labor utilization efficiency index aimed at enhancing on-site productivity, reducing dependence on low-skilled foreign workers, and creating new high-skilled job categories. Through literature review, surveys, and analysis of international cases, the study identifies potential methods for developing a labor utilization efficiency index, and tests the effectiveness of the most relevant approach for domestic construction projects. It is expected that these efforts will contribute to the establishment of policy measures that promote productivity improvement and the efficient use of skilled labor.

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A Multiple Resources Leveling Method Considering Inefficient Fluctuations and Associated Costs

Rhie, Jeseop ; Jang, Minseo ; Kim, Hojin ; Lee, Seungwoo ; Shin, Do Hyoung

https://dx.doi.org/10.6106/KJCEM.2025.26.2.052

In construction projects, inefficient resource fluctuations can lead to hiring, firing and rehiring of resources, or cause idle time, thereby incurring additional costs. Reducing such fluctuations is a critical task in resource leveling, and various studies have employed Release and Re-Hire (RRH) and Resource Idle Days (RID) as evaluation metrics. However, in multiple resources leveling, it is necessary to comprehensively consider both the inefficient fluctuations and costs of each resource, yet research in this area remains insufficient. This study proposes a cost-based multiple resources leveling model that applies weights according to the unit costs incurred by RRH or RID for each resource, aiming to reduce both RRH or RID and the associated costs simultaneously. To validate the model, the proposed model was applied to a cost-based multiple resources leveling system using a genetic algorithm, and multiple resources leveling was performed on a scheduling example with two types of resources, with different cost structures. By applying both RRH and RID, it was confirmed that the proposed model more effectively reduced loss costs compared to the existing model. This study presents a model that effectively reduces RRH or RID in projects with differing cost structures between resources, making a practical contribution to resource management in construction projects aimed at cost reduction.

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Conceptual Model for Quality Risk Assessment and Reserve Cost Estimation for Construction Projects based on BIM

Kang, Hyunwook ; Seong, Hyunwoo

https://dx.doi.org/10.6106/KJCEM.2025.26.2.062

The purpose of this study is to propose a conceptual model for quality risk assessment and reserve cost estimation based on BIM. The conceptual model consisted of Input, Design, Analysis, and Output Stage. 1) Input is a step of investigating risk factors that cause quality defects. 2) Design is a step of extracting material types, quantities, and unit prices using BIM and calculating direct construction costs. 3) Analysis selects important risk factors and estimates the reserve cost according to the reserve ratio. 4) Output is a step of including the estimated reserve cost for each risk factor in the direct construction cost statement. The usability was verified by selecting one apartment house according to the conceptual model constructed in this way. Therefore, in order to verify the usability of the proposed conceptual model, the quantity and unit price of each material type were extracted from the drawings designed with BIM to estimate the direct construction cost. Then, the risk factors causing quality defects were established. In addition, in case of occurrence of risk factors, the reserve cost ratio for repair and reinforcement and the corresponding reserve cost were estimated and included in the direct construction cost statement.

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An Analysis on the Job Performance of Construction Field Engineers and Its Improvement Measures

Shin, Wonsang ; Son, Changbaek

https://dx.doi.org/10.6106/KJCEM.2025.26.2.072

The purpose of this study is to present improvement measures to improve the job performance of engineers in construction sites by analyzing the work burden, work efficiency, and job performance level of engineers in construction sites. Based on the results of a survey of practitioners in the construction site, this study suggested improvement measures for factors such as lack of on-site engineers, lack of individual capabilities of on-site engineers, lack of on-site experience and knowledge, occurrence of unexpected additional works, and lack of business performance ability of suppliers. This study analyzed the level of job performance for engineers in construction sites and suggested improvement measures to improve job performance. However, there is a limitation in that it was not possible to compare and analyze field engineers by classifying them by position, etc., and it did not specifically present a plan to improve job performance. Therefore, follow-up studies to supplement these limitations will be continued in the future.

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Applying BIM Standard Guideline to Expressway BIM Results and Drawing its Improvement Measure for Project Management

Kim, Hando ; Nam, Jeongyong

https://dx.doi.org/10.6106/KJCEM.2025.26.2.082

Recently, MOLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) announced the BIM guidelines such as basic guideline and implementation guideline with a higher hierarchy, and then employers published the application guidelines with a lower hierarchy. This established a hierarchical system for BIM work procedures that proceeds from basics, implementation, application, and work manual. Among these, the Korea Expressway Corporation’ s BIM application guideline describes detailed procedures such as the composition of BIM data (WBS, OBS, CBS, etc.) of expressways, quality inspection, and submission system. The expressway project BIM results were applied to application guideline in order to derive implications. The tested BIM results did not include BIM data, and the modeling object division did not meet the WBS criteria, and the accuracy was low because there were no modeling regulations for auxiliary facilities. Therefore, new BIM data was constructed to apply the guideline correctly, and the data integrity was confirmed through quality inspection, and a web-based 5D project management system was finally implemented. Among BIM data modeling, the most difficult task is the WBS-CBS configuration work, which requires training of specialized civil expert, and it is concluded that a unified national data framework for the same structure (e.g. bridge) regardless of facilities should be established through consultation group between employers.

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A Proposal for Evaluation Criteria of Decision Support System for BIM

Inhan Kim ; Syed Haseeb Shah

https://dx.doi.org/10.6106/KJCEM.2025.26.2.089

The integration of BIM and decision support system (DSS) is causing a paradigm shift in the construction industry. BIM based DSS can significantly improve project design and project management. This study investigates at the uses and benefits of evaluation metrics for a BIM-centered DSS, with particular on the use of Euclidean, Cosine similarity and a combined evaluation metric to measures aspects of DSS. Although Euclidean and Cosine similarity metrics are thoroughly studied in the literature, their combined potential within a BIM DSS is not taken into consideration, particularly when it comes to BIM models. The integration of DSS and BIM holds great potential for improving project design, management, and cost effectiveness in the modern construction sector. This study emphasizes on the importance for setting up strong assessment criterion in order to guarantee accurate suggestions that are derived from user input by comparing the properties of distance metrics using statistical analysis. This study fills in an important vacuum in the literature by highlighting the necessity to investigate the pooled effects of the metrics, especially when applied to high dimensional BIM data. Future research and implementation in this important field will revolve around unlocking the power of combining these metrics, which presents great prospects for improving DSS.

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